Human Birus Papillomas (HPV) is an extremely common sexually transmitted infection in the world.
The particularity of this infection is that for many years it may not manifest in any way, but ultimately lead to the development of benign or malignant genital diseases (cervical cancer).
The types of human papilloma virus
More than 100 types of HPV are known. Types are the special "subspecies" of the virus that change among themselves. The types are indicated by the numbers assigned to them while opening.
The high oncogenic risk group is 14 species: 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66, 68 (these types relate to the development of cervical cancer).
Moreover, the types of low oncogenic risk (mainly 6 and 11) are known. They lead to the formation of anogenital warts (emphasis, papillomas). Papillomas are located in the mucosa of the vulva, vagina, in the perianal region, in the skin of the genitals. They almost never become malignant, but lead to significant cosmetic defects in the genital area. Warts in other parts of the body (wings, feet, face) can also be caused by these types of virus, and may have a different origin. In the following articles we will discuss the types of "high risk" HPV and "low risk".
Human papilloma infection of human papilloma
The virus is transmitted mainly in sexual intercourse. Sooner or later, HPV almost all women get infected: up to 90% of sex active women will encounter this lifelong infection.
But there are good news: Most infected (about 90%) will get rid of HPV without any medical intervention for two years.
This is a normal course of the infectious process caused by HPV in the human body. This time is enough for the human immune system to get rid of the virus completely. In such a situation, HPV will not harm the body.That is to say, if an HPV was discovered some time ago, but now it is not, it is absolutely normal!
It should be borne in mind that the immune system works for different people with "different speeds". In this regard, the speed of renunciation of HPV may be different in sexual partners. Therefore, one situation is possible when one of the partners found an HPV, and the other did not.
Most people become infected with HPV immediately after the onset of sexual activity, and many will never know that HPVs are infected. Continuous immunity after infection is not formed, so re -infection is possible as the same virus with which there was already a dating, and other types of virus.
HPV "high risk" is dangerous in that it can lead to the development of cervical cancer and some other types of cancer. High -risk HPV does not cause other problems. HPV does not lead to the development of inflammation in the mucosa/cervix of the vaginal uterus, menstrual cycle disorders or infertility.
HPV does not affect the ability to conceive and maintain pregnancy. The "high risk" of the child's HPV is not transmitted during pregnancy and during the birth of children. Diagnosis of human papilloma virus
It is practically useless to take a HPV HPV analysis at a high oncogenic risk of up to 25 years (except those women who start a sex life early (up to 18 years)), as at that time it is likely to detect a virus, which will soon leave the body itself.
After 25-30 years, it makes sense to get analysis:
The analysis should be obtained:
It is almost never necessary to obtain a low oncogenic HPV risk analysis. If there is no papilloma, then this analysis does not make sense in principle (virus transport is possible, no virus treatment, so it is not known what to do with the result of the analysis).
If there are papillomas then:
There are tests for identifying different types of HPV. If you periodically take HPV tests, pay attention to which specific types are included in the analysis. Some laboratories do a study only in the 16th and 18th type, others -for all kinds together. It is also possible to obtain an analysis that will identify all 14 types of "high -risk" virus in quantitative form. Quantitative characteristics are important to predict the possibility of developing precision and cervical cancer. These tests should be used in the context of preventing cervical cancer, not as an independent test. HPV analysis without cytology results (test RAR) most often does not allow us to draw any conclusions about the patient's health status.
There is no such analysis that it will determine whether the virus will "leave" in a particular patient or not.
Human papilloma virus treatment
There is no drug treatment for HPV. There are methods of treatment of states caused by HPV (papilloma, dysplasia, forecast, cervical cancer). This treatment should be performed using surgical methods (cryocoagulation, laser, radio knife).
No "immunostimulant" has to do with HPV treatment and should not be implemented. None of the widely known medicines passed adequate tests that would show their effectiveness and safety. No protocol/standards/recommendations are included in these medicines. The presence or absence of cervical "erosion" does not affect HPV treatment tactics.
If the patient has no complaints, and also does not make papill/changes in the cervix during colposcopy and according to Pap - the test, no treatment procedure is needed.
It is only necessary to recover the analysis once a year and monitor the condition of the cervix (each year Pap - test, colposcopy). In most patients, the virus will "leave" the body itself. If it does not leave, it is completely optional that will lead to the development of cervical cancer, but control is needed. The treatment of sexual partners is not required (unless both partners have genital papillomas).
Prevention of the human papilloma virus
Vaccines have been developed that protect from 16 and 18 types of HPV (one of the vaccines also protects from 6 and 11 species). Types of HPV 16 and 18 "responsible" for 70% of cervical cancer cases, and therefore protection against them is so important. Planned vaccination is used in 45 places. Condom (does not provide 100% protection).